Sustainability in industry: assessing responsible production practices in Kazakhstan

Abstract

Responsible production is critical to sustainable industrial development, yet its implementation varies across sectors. This study investigates the state of responsible production practices in Kazakhstan, focusing on environmental compliance, operational efficiency, and employee well-being. A structured survey was conducted among 100 Kazakh enterprises across key industrial sectors, including metallurgy, mechanical engineering, and energy production. The survey utilised proportional sampling to ensure representation, and data were systematically analysed using SPSS for statistical processing. Descriptive and comparative analyses were conducted to identify trends, challenges, and sectoral differences. The results reveal that while most companies report moderate improvements in operational efficiency, significant challenges remain in environmental responsibility. Only a small percentage allocate resources for ecological investments. Waste management and reverse logistics are underdeveloped, with many companies lacking structured recycling and sustainability initiatives. Although 80% of firms report some engagement in eco-innovations, adopting advanced technologies remains limited. Employee well-being initiatives, including workplace improvements and insurance coverage, are widely implemented, but psychological support services remain inconsistent. These findings highlight both progress and persistent gaps in responsible production in Kazakhstan, underscoring the need for stronger regulatory frameworks, increased investment in eco-innovation, and a shift toward circular economy principles.