Šaldymo agento kiekio įtaka atvirkštinio termodinaminio ciklo sistemų energiniam efektyvumui: literatūros apžvalga
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3846/da.2026.2261Kalba:
AnglųSantrauka
Šiame darbe pateikiama naujausios mokslinės literatūros apžvalga, kurioje nagrinėjamas šaldymo agento kiekio ir jo nuokrypio poveikis atvirkštinio termodinaminio ciklo sistemų energiniam efektyvumui bei diagnostikai. Atsižvelgiant į griežtėjančius aplinkosauginius reikalavimus, darbe lyginamas sistemų jautrumas optimaliam šaldymo agento kiekiui įvairių tipų sistemose, naudojant tiek tradicinius, tiek žemo visuotinio atšilimo potencialo šaldymo agentus (R32, R290, R513A). Analizė parodė, kad šaldymo agento trūkumas daro kritinį neigiamą poveikį atvirkštinio termodinaminio ciklo sistemose. Nustatyta, kad priklausomai nuo sistemos tipo, vidinių komponentų ir valdymo algoritmų įvairūs nuotėkiai gali sumažinti šildymo galią daugiau nei 20 %, o naudingumo koeficientą net iki 30–40 %. Tuo tarpu perteklius dažniau gali nulemti kompresoriaus elektros sąnaudų augimą ir padidinti gedimų riziką. Remiantis literatūros analize nustatyta, kad šiuolaikinės sistemoms su kintamųjų sūkių kompresoriais geba kompensuoti šaldymo agento masės trūkumą ir paslėpti veikimo parametrų nuokrypius. Taip sistema gali išlaikyti reikiamą našumą, tačiau efektyvumo sąskaita, todėl tai gali nulemti net iki 19 % didesnes netiesiogines CO₂ emisijas. Dėl šios priežasties darbe apžvelgiami pažangūs diagnostikos metodai, kurie atskleidžia, kad naudojant dirbtinio intelekto algoritmus galima identifikuoti šaldymo agento kiekį sistemoje itin dideliu, iki 99,9 % tikslumu, taip tiesiogiai ir netiesiogiai sumažinant šiltnamio efektą sukeliančių dujų emisijas.
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