Šaldymo agentų, taikomų šilumos siurblių technologijose, apžvalga ir bibliografinis tyrimas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3846/da.2026.2266Kalba:
LietuviųSantrauka
Sparčiai griežtėjant klimato kaitos reikalavimams ir reglamentavimui, tampa aktualu atsisakyti didelio visuotinio atšilimo potencialo (angl. global warming potential, GWP) šaldymo agentų ir taikyti tvarius jų pakaitalus šilumos siurblių technologijose. Šiame darbe pateikiama išsami šilumos siurbliuose naudojamų šaldymo agentų apžvalga. Nagrinėjami tiek sintetiniai, tiek natūralias medžiagas: R134a, R410A, R32, R245fa, R245ca, R22, CO₂ (R744), propanas (R290), amoniakas (R717), R1234yf, R452B, R454B ir R466A. Taip pat pristatoma bibliografinė analizė, atlikta pasitelkiant SCOPUS duomenų bazės duomenis ir VOSviewer programą raktažodžių koegzistavimo vizualizacijai. Tyrime vertinamos šios teminės sritys: šaldymo agentai, įskaitant natūraliuosius, termodinaminis efektyvumas ir aplinkosauginis poveikis. Rezultatai rodo aiškią mokslo kryptį – pastaraisiais metais daugiausia dėmesio skiriama mažą GWP turintiems šaldymo agentams, ypač propanui (R290) ir anglies dioksidui (R744), kurie pasižymi palankiomis termodinaminėmis savybėmis ir minimaliu tiesioginiu poveikiu aplinkai.
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