Circular economy life cycle CO₂ calculator analysis: examples of plastics and paper

Abstract

The main objective of this work is to examine the circular economy life cycle in the case of plastics and paper and to compare the sources of CO₂ emissions throughout the entire life cycle of the circular economy. The study focuses on the main two certified standards used for CO₂ emissions calculations: ISO 14064 and the Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG Protocol). Based on scientific articles, the CO₂ emissions generated during the life cycle of paper and plastic bags are compared. CO₂ emissions arise not only during the product life cycle but also throughout the entire circular economy model process, examining each part of the circular economy cycle for both plastic and paper products. The paths of both products are similar, but the outcomes of the recycling process differ; the secondary raw material use is more efficient in plastic product manufacturing, while the degradation of paper in nature causes much less harm.