International Conference “Environmental Engineering”
April 23-24, 2026 The conference will be held in English.
Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Prediction of sound absorption of waste tyre textile fibre composite material
Waste Tyre Textile Fibres (WTTF) are one of the main components of end-of-life tyres. During the recycling process, it is been separated from the rubber and the metal parts. According to the EU Directive on Landfills 1999/31/EC end-of-life tyres may not be accepted by the facility, and it is encouraged to recycle them. Rubber has been successfully recycled and reused for asphalt and playground surfaces production, while metals could be remelted and used again. However, there is a lack of knowledge how to use WTTF. In this research we are proposing WTTF composite material for sound absorption applications. To bind the fibres, polyurethane resin was used. Different percentage by weight of binder was used to determine its’ effect on sound absorption coefficient. The sound absorption coefficient determination method is based on the experimental data based on the ISO 10534-2 standard, and Delany-Bazley-Miki (DBM) acoustic prediction model of fibrous materials, using non-acoustic parameters of the material. The results showed that DBM model accuracy rate varied from 4.9 to 12.7%. Such result indicated that DBM acoustic model has errors in prediction. The aim of this study is to predict the sound absorption coefficient using Delany-Bazley-Miki acoustic model and compare to the experimental study using impedance tube.
Environmental Protection and Water Engineering
Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Theoretical research of the processes to reduce the concentration of chlorinated compounds with natural fibers
Disinfectants based on chlorine are the most commonly applied biocides for public spaces disinfection. Various studies show the use of sodium hypochlorite went up several times during the pandemic. Chlorinated compounds after they enter stormwater react with organic, inorganic and anthropogenic pollutants there and form harmful disinfection by-products. The article aims to present theoretical research of the processes linked to reduce the chlorinated compounds concentrations in stormwater. Research theory is based on the scientific information and the experiments’ results. The equations of mass transfers are used to describe the process. Analysis is focused on the case when chlorinated compounds concentrations in stormwater change depending on mass transfer from solution to filter fiber. Experiments present that after filtration with natural fibers the amount of disinfectants in stormwater decreased approximately 60 percent. The values of mass transfer reveal the efficiency of hemp and peat fibers to transport chlorinated compounds (C22H48ClN). Research found out the values of different filter materials are quite similar: 0.20 Def.·106, cm2s–1 (hemp) and 0.19 Def.·106, cm2s–1 (peat).
The use of a genetic algorithm to determine the optimal operating conditions for a low-temperature ORC system
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) devices are systems that implement the basic Rankine cycle, but use an organic medium instead of water. These devices can use low-temperature heat, but it should be remembered that the achievable efficiency decreases as the source temperature decreases. Previous publications have shown that maximizing capacity, rather than efficiency, is the main goal of the ORC system. This can be achieved by establishing the correct operating conditions, while ensuring the correct mass flow of the working medium to each component. For instance, the expander must reach the required rotational speed. This work focuses on using genetic algorithms to determine optimal operating conditions and maximize capacity. A genetic algorithm was developed for a newly built ORC device, enabling determination of optimal operating conditions. The results were implemented in the device driver and validated experimentally, confirming that genetic algorithms can easily achieve the desired effect.
Physicochemistry properties of water treatment sludge (WTS) as adsorbents for dyes and antibiotics removal
Application of waste materials as adsorbent for water treatment has obtained special attention owning to their low cost and surface functionality. In this study the waste-treatment sludge (WTS) sludge was selected as based materials and used as adsorbents for dyes and antibiotic adsorption. The adsorbent was prepared by calcination of the washed and dried WTS adsorbent (S105) at 300 °C (S300) and 700 °C (S700). The morphology, elemental composition, functional groups, pH at point zero charged, and cationic exchange capacity were observed and evaluated to understand the adsorption performance capability of the adsorbents. Then, the adsorbents were test for dyes and antibiotic adsorption in aqueous solution. Adsorbent prepared at higher temperature have darker color. The FTIR peaks related to functional groups of organic compounds such as OH and CO were diminished when the WTS was calcined at 700 °C. Value of pHpzc of of S105, S300 and S700 were 5.43, 5.81 and 5.89, respectively. The value of CEC for S700 and S105 however lower than S300. Adsorption performance of WTS adsorbents towards cationic methylene blue (MB), anionic methyl orange (MO) and reactive red-120 was evaluated in aqueous solution. All adsorbents show high adsorption performance towards MO, but lower adsorption performance towards RR was observed. The calcination of WTS results the higher adsorption capacity observed for adsorption of anionic and cationic dyes. The S700 also show better adsorption performance towards OTC and TC. This study indicates that the WTS has a potential application as low-cost adsorbent to remove hazardous substances from aqueous solution.
Evaluation of the methodology for determining cycling flows in Lithuania
Sustainable urban development is one of the most pressing issues in urban planning, and such development requires the promotion of sustainable traffic and the use of non-motorised means of transport. The main problem encountered is the lack of a methodology to easily identify existing cycling flows in the study area. Taking into account the lack of such a methodology, the paper analyses 3 methodologies for determining the bicycle flow in different land use areas of Vilnius city. A survey of the residents of the analysed areas was carried out in order to identify the factors that determine the choice of cycling trips. The study found that the proposed methodologies for determining cycling flow have a 20–40% error margin. The main factor that influences the choice to cycle is the attitude towards cycling as a leisure activity.
Fast charging electric buses in Maribor: a comparative analysis of simulation and real-world results
This paper presents a study of the energy consumption of a full electric bus charged at a fast-charging station with pantographs in the city of Maribor. The results of simulated and real tests on the PT line 6 are compared and analysed. The partly electrified PT line 6 provides insights on comparison between simulated energy consumption and real-life energy consumption, charging time and reliability of charging. The results reveal that the simulation considered several important factors like real life turnaround time, driving cycle, regenerative braking, charging time, peak hour charging time, heating/cooling systems, full passenger load as important and critical to identify the appropriate concept for charging. Technical and operational errors were identified in real world, due to connectivity failures or driver errors in positioning the vehicle, which were not considered in the simulation. The real-world data and procedure for selection of the most appropriate charging technology represent a good basis for full electrified Public Transport in Maribor.
Principles of creating a public transport network model for regions
This article analyzes one of the steps of the transportation system model - network modeling. The network model consists of: zoning of the considered region, selection of network connections and routes of public transport lines, choosing the demand time series of the model. The model created for the region has its own specificities, such as uneven population density, big differentiation of public transport demand in terms of place and time. Therefore, the development of a public transport model for a region is very different from a public transport model for a city. The purpose of this article is to determine the specifics of creating a regional network model. To achieve this goal, the article analyses the best features and principles of the components of the such kind network model.
Removal of ammonium nitrogen from wastewater by tertiary treatment
Ammonium nitrogen present in treated wastewater effluent can cause eutrophication. Wastewater treatment plants do not always meet the strict requirements for the residual total nitrogen concentration – 10 mg/L in the treated wastewater. Additional wastewater treatment is recommended for higher nitrogen removal efficiency achievement. One of the ways to remove nitrogen compounds from wastewater is filtration through sorbents filter media. Zeolite is used to remove nitrogen compounds from water. Zeolite is known for its high surface area and high porosity. Zeolite adsorbs part of organic compounds and ammonium ions, so their concentration in the filtrate decreases. An ammonium nitrogen concentration was reduced by filtering wastewater through sorbents filter media during the experiment in real conditions. Concentrations of treated wastewater pollutants, filtration rate, efficiency of zeolite sorbent to remove ammonium nitrogen from the wastewater were measured and evaluated. Experiment results showed that ammonium nitrogen was effectively removed by zeolite sorbent (removal efficiency 66–99%), from wastewater by tertiary treatment.
3D data life in Cesis medieval castle in Latvia
This paper presents the lifecycle of 3D data in cultural heritage sites with a long-term and cyclical renovation process. 3D data is obtained in different periods with different sensors – ground laser scanning, drones, photographies of eralies period and simple measurements. In cultural and historical heritage objects, restoration works are carried out seasonally and in the conditions of available financing. 3D data and its supplementary data have much wider applicability beyond restoration or monitoring works. The data can be transferred to tourism, where it is used both for virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR) technologies, and for the restoration using the HBIM approach. Thus, the data is transferred for re-use for restoration, tourism, and object management. The article discusses the acquisition, processing and application of 3D data for the creation of HBIM with the possibility of use in VR/AR equipment. This paper also examines the issue of updating data after restoration works, covering solutions for data publication. The aim of this work is to diversify the use of data in the long term without re-documenting full objects.
Geospatial Technologies and Innovations in Geodesy, Remote Sensing, and Environmental Monitoring
Experimental research of scattering coefficient of triangle diffuser made with charcoal
The acoustic diffuser is the device that distributes the acoustic energy of intense reflections through their spatial and temporal dispersion. The device for reduction of unvented acoustic effects and improves indoor sound quality. Triangle diffusers are made of wood plates and covered with charcoal elements. The high sound reflection co-efficient of charcoal is in the production of diffusers. Charcoal is an ecologically friendly and natural material. The result of studies of the triangle diffusers made of charcoal showed high values of the sound scattering coefficient, with a maximum value (of 87) at the frequencies of 2000 with 80% of charcoal. Increasing the percent of charcoal increasing in sound scattering. The device installs in the audiences of concert halls, recording rooms, and museums.
Influence of low noise barrier height on sound insertion loss
Ensuring the best possible quality of the living environment is the worldwide aim. One of the very important factors strongly affecting people’s health is the traffic produced noise, the reduction of which to permissible values can significantly improve the well-being of those living and working near traffic areas. On railway lines where rolling stock does not exceed 250 km/h, low noise barriers may be used. The aim of the study is to determine which low noise barriers are the most effective in Lithuanian conditions. This article analyses the insertion loss of low noise barriers of different heights installed at different distances. The obtained results show that the highest loss insertion in all 45 m long low sound barriers at a distance of 45 m from the track axis was found for the 1.2 m high straight sound barrier located 2.6 m from the track axis and the 1.3 m high and inverted L-shaped (bracket length – 0.65 m) noise barriers located at a distance of 3.1 m from the track axis. Their insertion loss is 2.9–4.6 dBa, depending on the running speed (slightly) and the level of the microphone.
Modelling of sound reduction of sound insulating enclosure with recycled rubber covered walls
The excessive noise of machines and devices could be reduced with the use of acoustic enclosures. Additional requirement for enclosures: free air circulation through construction walls, which is important for device ventilation. The acoustic properties of the construction parts are essential to model their ability to reduce noise. The basic properties of airborne sound insulation of construction walls and absorption of used material should be experimentally tested. In this article, sound reduction modelling of acoustic enclosure with recycled materials covered walls was presented. Sound pressure level reduction of enclosure was modelled with Odeon software. A 3D model was created that includes the acoustic properties of the materials used. The enclosure walls consist of two different constructions. The side walls and roof were made from a single plasterboard covered with recycled rubber material. The back and front walls were constructed as louver construction, which plates were mounted with the ability to change the tilt angle which allows to create an air transparent construction. Acoustic properties of the materials used were tested in different ways. Sound absorption properties of 50 mm thick sample of recycled rubber and transmission loss parameters of used sound insulating walls were measured in the impedance tube. The results of the experimental test of the construction parts were included in the 3D model. The modelling results represented a decrease in sound pressure levels with an increasing distance from the enclosure on different sides. Four different enclosures with different tilt angle of louver plates (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°) were modelled. Results were presented in the 125–4000 Hz frequency range. According to the results, efficiency of enclosure sound reduction with 45° tilted plates could reach up to 12 dB.
Bus network characteristics for promoting sustainable urban mobility systems
The present study deals with the systematic analysis of the bus network characteristics in many Italian cities and towns, characterized by a supply of public transport services mainly based on buses. The aim of the analysis is to derive the key characteristics for providing effective public transport services. The database built for the study is related to 54 municipalities, with a population from 80,000 to 360,000 inhabitants, and it is composed by a large set of indicators about supply and demand of the bus services network and of the territorial characteristics of the municipalities. The results of the analysis permit to underline the existence of very different condition about level of provided services, impacting on the level of demand using the public transport. These differences are not only related to the territorial characteristics but are also due to completely different characteristics of the supply.
Study on the inflow of biogenic substances into lakes
Changes in the ecosystems of lakes and their shores caused by anthropogenic impact have a huge influence on the quality of the landscape. The article analyzes the inflow of biogenic substances into lakes Lūkstas and Paršežeris. The spread of Quaternary sediments of lake basins, land use distribution, ongoing economic activities, activity planning and the effectiveness of water conservation measures in the dry year of 2020 was analyzed to study in detail. The planned and actual amounts of biogenic substances entering the lakes through seven surface water tributaries were evaluated. It has been established that the environmental protection measures implemented in the Lūkstas and Paršežeris lakes basins over the last decade are effective. Calculations and analysis of the loads of biogenic materials in the investigated lake tributary basins based on the results of natural studies showed that the values of biogenic material loads do not exceed the values modeled in the modeling done in the work and in the river basin management plans.
Temporal patterns of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) traffic accidents in Lithuania: effects of daytime, season and lunar phase
In many countries road safety and animal protection pose a serious problem due to wildlife-related accidents. Profound information of temporal and spatial patterns of deer-vehicle accidents is necessary for safe mitigation efforts and further accident analysis. We described the temporal patterns of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) vehicle collisions from 2014 till 2021 in Lithuania. Using a comprehensive dataset, consisting of 19.707 data points, we examined the influence of different time units (i.e., day of year, day of week, month) and moon illumination percentage. Therefore, we identified roe deer peak accident periods within the time units. Highest frequencies of collisions occurred in May, November and December. Between days of the week collisions increased on Friday with a secondary peak on Saturday. Relationships between roe deer vehicle collisions (RDVc) and lunar phases were analyzed, providing evidence for high frequencies of RDVc during full moon illumination. We believe that RDVc are dependent both on human activity in traffic and wildlife activity. Overall, our results highlight, that RDVc disturbance among time is nonrandom. Methods to effective reduce deer-vehicle accidents should be adapted to species-specific temporal periods or place and concentrated to short-term mitigation measures (e.g., speed limits, wildlife warning signs, traffic controls).
Changes of quality in agricultural drainage water between nature’s seasons
Agricultural drainage and related water management systems are implemented to improve farming. Get higher yields of agricultural production. Remove excess water. When removing excess water in cultivated areas, it is important to reduce the leaching of polluting substances flowing out with drainage water throughout the year and in different seasons. Also ensure the safe and sustainable use of plant protection products and fertilizers. One of the possible solutions is to transform the old free drainage systems into controlled drainage systems. In such systems, it is possible to regulate the groundwater level in different seasons and according to the needs of the plants. In this way, to reduce the leaching of materials with drainage water. This article presents an analysis of controlled and free drainage water pollution in separate seasons. Researches were carried out in Pasvalys district, where both types of drainage systems operate next to each other.
Use of sulfur binder in asphalt and cement concrete mixtures in the construction of airfields
Currently, work on the creation and production of new composite materials capable of long-term operation in industrial, climatic and other types of aggressive environments is one of the main tasks of the airfield industry. When organizing the production of new building materials in the context of rising prices for raw materials and energy resources, it is necessary to study the possibility of replacing the traditional raw material component with cheaper, more common raw materials, while simultaneously increasing the durability of airfield construction. One of these materials is technical sulfur. The organization of the production of sulfur-containing composites – sulfur asphalt concrete and sulfur concrete will ensure the production of new materials characterized by reduced energy consumption and ensuring reliable operation in conditions of variable temperatures and aggressive environments without increasing their cost compared to traditionally used materials. A significant reduction in excess sulfur will have a positive impact on the environmental situation in the areas of its production, a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in the production of sulfur composites compared to the production of existing analogues based on traditional materials.
Effects of real-time traffic information in car navigation – results from a case study in Erfurt, Germany
The inclusion of real-time traffic information (RTTI) in navigation systems is commonplace nowadays. The data sources for the RTTI can be manifold: It is mostly floating car data obtained either by the application users or via a specific fleet of cars (e.g., Taxis). At the same time, cities around the world are also collecting information on the traffic situation via different sources such as induction loops in the streets. The data source collected by the cities can have higher quality, due to more and more precise data collection points, and can also be enriched with information on construction sites and road closures from the cities’ road authority. In the FaMoS research project, a prototypical navigation app was developed, which directly uses the RTTI provided by the cities via the “Mobilitäts Daten Marktplatz” (MDM), a German mobility data exchange platform. The performance of the navigation app was tested in a study with 417 trips in Erfurt, Germany. For comparison, the FaMoS navigation app was tested against a default app using the same routing algorithm but without the city’s RTTI. It was found that the FaMoS app with the city’s RTTI was on par with the default app (HERE WeGo) on all routes. On select routes, the FaMoS app statistically significantly reduced the average trip time by up to 12.6%. Further studies over a longer time period with more users and routes are needed to prove the trend seen in this study. Nevertheless, the data from this first case study can be a starting point for the further development of RTTI inclusion in navigation apps and systems with the goal to reduce congestion.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of renaturalization tools of renaturalized sections of Lithuanian rivers
More than 40% of natural riverbeds of Lithuanian rivers have been affected by straightening, in the installation of melioration systems. The solution of gentle renaturalization was chosen and mild renaturalization measures were installed in straightened sections of riverbeds. A detailed assessment of the ecological condition of the renaturalized river sections was carried out according to the physico-chemical, ecological condition, biological (fish index, river macroinverte-brates, river macrophyte indexes) quality elements at 2019–2022. The results of complex studies show the renaturalization measures implemented have the greatest positive effect on the studied parameters in the river with the strongest turbulent flow formed.
Primary study of plastic micro fibre waste for sound absorption applications
Plastic and waste production has increased significantly in recent years. According to the various predictions the plastic production is not slowing down in the near future. Since 1960, plastic production has risen to 322 million tonnes in 2015 and expected to double in the next 20 years (Lusher et al., 2017). According to the 2020 statistical data, the leading sectors in plastic demand are packaging, building and construction, with 40.5% and 20.4% respectively. In 2019, an estimated 41% of plastic packaging waste was recycled in the EU. Despite the advantages of plastic recycling technologies, there are also a number of problems. Mechanical recycling refers to the processing of plastics waste into secondary raw material or products without significantly changing the material’s chemical structure. In this paper, we focused at the problem of plastic micro fibre (PMF) waste, which generated during mechanical recycling. The possibilities of using PMF for sound absorption applications are tested. For primary acoustic characterisation PMF was not treated thermally or bound using other materials. The controlled parameter of the material is density. The density of material changed from 100 to 300 kg/m3. The PMF sound absorption characterisation was performed using standard transfer function method (ISO 10534-2). The acoustic performance of materials predicted with acoustic porous materials Delany-Bazley-Miki model. The aim of this paper is to gain the essential knowledge about the plastic micro fibre sound absorption performance to find the possible recycling application for sound absorption.
Analysis of energy demand by a 24-hour store
The paper presents the balance of electricity consumption and fuel oil consumption of a medium-sized 24-hour store. Measurements of the electricity consumption of the various components of the balance were made for air conditioning, refrigeration, fast food, and especially for indoor and outdoor lighting. Their shares over the 12-month period of measurements were determined. Opportunities to reduce electricity consumption by changing the type of lighting of the facility were identified. Replacement of lighting reduced electricity consumption by 38535.8 kWh, which represented a total reduction of 21.2% in the store’s annual electricity consumption.
Accuracy assessment of the traffic safety module on two-lane rural roads
EU countries use a design methodology based on the traffic safety module, proposed by the German scientist R. Lamm. This methodology makes it possible to identify potentially high-risk sections of the road that can become dangerous sections or “black spots” in the future, even at the design stage. This methodology has not yet been implemented in the provisions of the Lithuanian road design normative documents. During the analysis of the traffic safety module results obtained during the previous research carried out by the authors, the impression was created that some of them are wrong. Therefore, in this research, it was decided to also perform a natural experiment by passing the investigated road sections by car. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the accuracy of R. Lamm traffic safety module. The paper presents results of the experiment and their comparison with the predictions of theoretical research.
Analysis of physical and mechanical soil properties determined using probing data interpretations
Road design is a complex, time-consuming, and very responsible process. To develop a high-quality and viable road project, it is very important to start with an accurate geological investigation. In situ tests can provide a number of advantages over the traditional drilling, sampling and laboratory testing approach used in many geotechnical projects. However, like all tests, in situ tests also have a number of limitations. Although all probing methods are similar, each of them gives slightly different results. The aim of this work was to analyse and compare the interpretation results of soil layer physical-mechanical properties obtained with different in-situ test methods and to find out how the obtained results affect the development of constructive solutions from the safety point of view.
Asphalt pavement interlayer systems for structural performance enhancement and fatigue reduction
One of the possible alternatives to extend the service life of the pavement, reducing the maintenance costs of the pavement and possibly the thickness of the overlay, is the use of grids as a reinforcing interlayer of newly installed asphalt layers. Laboratory studies and the very limited amount of visual observation data from real use cases of grids partially substantiate the effectiveness of this measure in neutralizing the formation of reflecting cracks, but there is a lack of quantitative data on the performance of the renewed pavement structure distressed with fatigue cracking. This article presents the results of periodic structural monitoring of a pavement structure with a stress absorbing membrane interlayer (SAMI) and grid-reinforced overlay. The test section consists of 3 subsections, where SAMI and two different types of grids were installed on the distressed asphalt base layer and overlaid with a conventional asphalt binder course and wearing course. Measurement of the bearing capacity of the pavement structure with a falling weight deflectometer and visual survey of the pavement condition were used to investigate the performance of the renewed pavement structure. The interim results of the 3-year observation show a good structural condition of rehabilitated pavement.
An assessment of self-driving vehicles: road maintenance and infrastructure needs
In the coming years, on the roads of the European Union countries, we will increasingly see self-driving vehicles (SDV), which will face considerable challenges on the roads. At first, SDVs will aim to adapt to the existing road infrastructure, but their increasing use on roads will make tangible influence on the progress of the components of the road infrastructure ecosystem. The following main trends in global car transport can be distinguished: artificial intelligence in SDV, various SDV digital and communication systems, SDV sharing platforms and other components of the SDV ecosystem. Although the benefits of using new autonomous technologies for transport have been widely explored, research on requirements for the physical infrastructure for the SDV traffic is still at an early stage. In this context, the emergence of new technologies calls for immediate action to adapt the existing transport infrastructure system to the evolving SDV industry. This paper examines the impact of SDVs on the physical road infrastructure in order to identify road infrastructure elements that influence the SDV traffic.
12th International Conference “Environmental Engineering” (ICEE-2023)
Lietuvos mokslų akademija / Lithuanian Academy of Sciences
Railway infrastructure of Ukraine as a factor of soil chemical hazard (analytical overview)
To reach the aim in solving these tasks, the following theoretical methods of research were used, mainly analysis, experimental data, complex assessment of hazardous influence of railway infrastructure on the environment, mainly soil chemical pollution, which are an essential part of railway infrastructure. Considering the comparative characteristics, we can make a prognosis on any heavy metal impact with excessive content of acid and alkaline properties of polluted soils. A result of scientific research an analytical review of the issue of railway infrastructure in Ukraine as a factor of soil chemical hazard and determination of the main sources of pollution among the enterprises of rail transport.
Application of nano zero-valent iron particles for the removal of phosphate from river water
Nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles have attracted much attention due to their ability to eliminate phosphate (PO4-P) from water. In this study, samples of river water with a high concentration of PO4-P were collected from Laukupė River, near the treated municipal wastewater drain outlet. The concentration of PO4-P in the sampled river water was 1.1 mg/L (bad ecological status). Adsorption experiments were carried out to determine the suitability of nZVI to remove PO4-P from actual river water. The applied dose of nZVI ranged from 0.05 g/L to 3.2 g/L, and contact time ranged from 5 to 120 min. The results have shown that the 0.4 g/L dose of nZVI was sufficient to reduce the PO4-P concentration below 0.05 mg/L after 5 min of contact time to reach a high ecological status of river water with respect to phosphate.
Linked system assessment to support sustainable energy supplies “LiSA”
The globally agreed climate targets require an expansion of renewable energies within the entire supply system. To support this a well-developed set of methods is needed to assess technical, environmental, social, and economic impacts. These methods must cover the entire life cycle and should enable an efficient and target-oriented assessment of energy technologies and systems. The Josef-Ressel (JR) centre LiSA (established 1st January 2022) will address this need. It will develop assessment methods focusing on thermal energy conversion systems embedded in a renewables-rich energy landscape.
environmental life cycle assessment (LCA)
life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA)
Methodology of average speed enforcement systems spot selection on Lithuanian roads and its evaluation
Average speed enforcement systems were installed on Lithuanian roads in 1 September, 2018. The Lithuanian Road Administration document, created on 29 April, 2020 No. V-60 “Methodology for creating a priority order for the selection and installation of average speed enforcement systems locations in Rural areas” determined where these systems should be installed. 81 road sections were selected by this method where was average speed enforcement systems have been installed. 12 road sections which length is higher than in document No. V-60 “Methodology for creating a priority order for the selection and installation of average speed enforcement systems locations in Rural areas” have been selected by the paper authors. The following parameters of road sections are analyzed in this paper: crossroads or exits lanes, traffic volume, number of road accidents, number of fatal and injury road accidents. Conclusions and recommendations for the methodology of road section selection are drawn at the end of this article.