Scientific Conference for Young Researchers "Economics and Management"
type: channel
description: October 20, 2026 The conference will be held in Lithuanian and English.
language: en
publication name: Scientific Conference for Young Researchers "Economics and Management"
copyright: Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
items: Trends in the provision of online trade services
items: The applications of MCDM methods for the selection of cryptocurrencies in portfolio formation
items: Research on the impact of financial technologies on the financial performance of commercial banks
items: Assessment of the importance of success factors in organizational change management
items: Investigation of the effect of Bitcoin blockchain hashrate on Bitcoin price
items: Improving process performance management by predicting employee attrition in international company
items: A criteria selection model of pilot e-learning platforms
items: Assessment of the sustainable development of EU countries in the context of EU green deal
items: Theoretical aspects of photovoltaic systems as a business object in the global market
items: The influence of psychological factors on the economy
items: Analysis of obstacles to the development of social innovations in Lithuania
items: Green business valuation for construction
items: A model for evaluating the impact of integrated marketing communications on consumer behaviour
items: Attraction of customers by integration of Fintech tools in commercial banks
items: Influence of capital structure of e-payment institutions for capital costs and leverages (activity/financial)
items: Telecommunications impact in Afghanistan
items: Proceedings of the 26th Conference for Junior Researchers “Science – Future of Lithuania” ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT
items: Analyse of technologies impact on sustainability
items: The benefits of the marketing tools in order to increase product sales in online stores in Lithuania
items: Application of internet of things technologies in logistics
items: The effect of the economic-competitive environment on the improvement of the customer service sector
items: Actuallities of the causes of poorness in Lithuania
items: Construction sector project management success
items: Assessment of the relationship between macroeconomic indicators and stock profitability in Europe countries
items: Business model development in data-driven start-ups
items: Evaluation of investment fund activities in the Baltic States: theoretical and methodological aspects
items: Investigation of money laudering detection by using computational intelligence
items: The assessment of the attractiveness of countries for foreign direct investments
items: Trends in the use of augmented reality technology in the electronics industry
items: Main gamification elements analysis in e-commerce

Trends in the provision of online trade services
type: item
description: The article discusses the trends in providing online trading services. Having experienced a strong growth spurt during the coronavirus pandemic, online trading has become one of the fastest-growing industries. In order to start providing services online successfully, it is very important to analyze the market in which you will be trading. The key part of the market is customers. By analyzing their needs, characteristics, determining their gender or age, you can not only evaluate the target audience, but also offer products and services accordingly, predict the future sales of the company. It is believed that age is the most significant factor in determining the likelihood of online shopping. The aim of the article is to determine the purchase of various Lithuanian residents age groups on the Internet. Using scientific literature, statistical data analysis and the technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution TOPSIS, a study of Lithuanian residents who buy goods and services online was conducted. Based on five years of statistical data, the distribution of e-shopping among various age groups of users was examined, it was found that the 25–34 age group has the most widespread online purchases, and the 65–74 age group has the least.
subject: Actualities of Organisational Development Management
  topic: section
subject: e-commerce
  topic: keywords
subject: goods and services
  topic: keywords
subject: trends
  topic: keywords
subject: online shopping
  topic: keywords
subject: TOPSIS method
  topic: keywords
subject: target market
  topic: keywords
subject: target marketing
  topic: keywords
creator: Tomas Radavičius
creator: Vilma Tamulienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 9

The applications of MCDM methods for the selection of cryptocurrencies in portfolio formation
type: item
description: At the end of 2022 cryptocurrency market capitalization was around 800 billion US dollars. As the market rapidly grows and matures, interest in investing in cryptocurrencies increased not only among private investors, but among banks, pension funds and other institutions as well. Investing in cryptocurrencies is associated with high potential returns and a very high risk. In the cryptocurrency market (same as in the stock market) investors face a huge problem of investments’ selection when forming a portfolio. The main goal of this scientific article is to apply multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods in order to solve this problem. We analyze 10 largest cryptocurrencies by market capitalization, taking into account 5 selected criteria. MCDM methods make it possible to comprehensively evaluate and select the most attractive cryptocurrencies. 3 MCDM methods were used – SAW, TOPSIS and EDAS. The results have shown that most suitable cryptocurrencies to include in investment portfolio are Bitcoin and Ethereum. The method presented in this study can be applied in practice when selecting cryptocurrencies.
subject: Financial Management
  topic: section
subject: cryptocurrencies
  topic: keywords
subject: MCDM methods
  topic: keywords
subject: SAW
  topic: keywords
subject: TOPSIS
  topic: keywords
subject: EDAS
  topic: keywords
subject: investment portfolio
  topic: keywords
creator: Greta Markutė
creator: Grigorij Žilinskij
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 9

Research on the impact of financial technologies on the financial performance of commercial banks
type: item
description: The study attempts to evaluate the impact of financial technologies on the financial performance of commercial banks. The article analyzes the scientific literature and presents the insights and methodology of already conducted research on a similar topic. Financial technologies help and encourage commercial banks to adapt to the ever-changing needs of consumers, but provide all the opportunities for the entry of new financial technologies companies into the market. Thus, in this article correlation and regression methods are used to evaluate the influence of financial technologies on commercial banks from two perspectives: the technologies used and applied in the activities of commercial banks have a positive influence, and financial technology companies have a negative influence on the financial performance of commercial banks. The research is carried out using banks’ financial data: profit (loss), return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) indicators, and statistical data, which include: the number of financial technologies in the country, the value of digital commerce, digital remittance and mobile POS payments. The information presented in the article is useful for companies providing financial services and academic society.
subject: Financial Management
  topic: section
subject: financial technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: commercial banks
  topic: keywords
subject: FinTech companies
  topic: keywords
subject: ROE
  topic: keywords
subject: ROA
  topic: keywords
subject: profitability
  topic: keywords
creator: Akvilė Rašytė
creator: Daiva Burkšaitienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 9

Assessment of the importance of success factors in organizational change management
type: item
description: Organizations and employees constantly face and have to adapt to environmental, working conditions, technological changes, which makes the management of organizational changes a relevant topic. Organizational changes involve complex processes reaching different levels of organizations and therefore are not always successful. In order to successfully implement organizational changes, it is worth considering the factors proposed by organizational change management models. Also, the concept of employees’ commitment to change, which is particularly important for the successful implementation of organizational changes. This article examines the concepts of organizational changes and employees` commitment to change. Organizational change management models are reviewed and success factors of organizational change management are distinguished. A questionnaire survey of experts – employees and managers – is conducted in order to refine the most important success factors of organizational change management. The results of the study show that both employees and managers value the following success factors of organizational change management as the most important: shared change goal and vision, effective change leadership, communication and good practices, employee needs and values. The obtained results of the study make it possible to examine more deeply the singled out most important success factors in the field of organizational change management.
subject: Actualities of Organisational Development Management
  topic: section
subject: organizational management
  topic: keywords
subject: organizational change
  topic: keywords
subject: change
  topic: keywords
subject: organizational change management
  topic: keywords
subject: success factors
  topic: keywords
subject: commitment to change
  topic: keywords
creator: Vaida Petrauskaitė-Jocienė
creator: Renata Korsakienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 10

Investigation of the effect of Bitcoin blockchain hashrate on Bitcoin price
type: item
description: As the influence of cryptocurrencies continues to expand globally, understanding the dynamics affecting Bitcoin price becomes increasingly crucial. This study aimed to explore whether the Bitcoin blockchain hashrate – the network’s computational power – influences Bitcoin’s price. A detailed literature review evaluated and contrasted various scholarly perspectives on the topic. The study employed a Vector Auto-Regression (VAR) model, utilizing secondary data from data.nasdaq.com spanning 2017 to 2023 (May). Contrary to some assumptions, results indicated that the Bitcoin network hashrate does not directly influence Bitcoin’s price. Moreover, the study found insufficient statistical evidence to suggest that Bitcoin’s price significantly affects the network hashrate. These insights offer valuable implications for investors, cryptocurrency miners, financial institutions, and policymakers as they navigate the implications of cryptocurrencies on the global economy. Furthermore, this study contributes to the broader discussion on blockchain networks and cryptocurrency price valuation, enriching the understanding of Bitcoin price determinants.
subject: Financial Management
  topic: section
subject: blockchain
  topic: keywords
subject: smart contracts
  topic: keywords
subject: Bitcoin
  topic: keywords
subject: vector auto-regression (VAR)
  topic: keywords
subject: hashrate
  topic: keywords
subject: Bitcoin price
  topic: keywords
subject: cryptocurrency
  topic: keywords
creator: Kolawole Ibrahim Gbolahan
creator: Raimonda Martinkutė-Kaulienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 8

Improving process performance management by predicting employee attrition in international company
type: item
description: Employee attrition has become significant problem, because it affects organization’s process performance, and generates both – financial and business management loss. There is a tendency of growing employee attrition rate, and this is a reason why solution should be taken to lower it. It might be possible to lower employee attrition rate and thus to find a solution to this issue by predicting employee attrition and taking proactive actions for potential leavers. For employee attrition prediction, machine learning techniques and algorithms might be used. Machine learning algorithms makes predictions, using information learned from historical data, for this reason those predictions are more accurate, than just intuition-based predictions. There exist variety of different machine learning algorithms, hence it should be chosen depending on its reliability. Decision Tree algorithm was discovered to be the most reliable (97.4% accuracy) for predictive model in this study. However, having the predictive model itself doesn’t mean, that employee attrition problem will be solved. Model, as a tool should be integrated into organization’s business process management, to ensure continuity. The appropriate framework ensuring this continuity could be process performance management, which enables process measurement, control, and it helps to achieve better results in an organization by setting up KPIs. KPIs is the crucial part of process performance management because it aligns business activities with strategy. Therefore, a strategic employee attrition solution should be connected to one of organization’s KPI, to reach the target and ensure continuity.
subject: Actualities of Modern Business
  topic: section
subject: process performance
  topic: keywords
subject: key performance indicators
  topic: keywords
subject: attrition prediction
  topic: keywords
subject: machine learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Aleksei Iurasov
creator: Virginija Bargailė
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 12

A criteria selection model of pilot e-learning platforms
type: item
description: The aviation sector in the world is rapidly growing and changing, like every field of activity, moving towards improvement thanks to the competent people dedicated to this sphere. This can be seen just by observing the last few years, when in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, distance learning was adapted and attempts were made to carry out a continuous process of improvement of employees of companies and institutions using existing technological resources. Employees of the aviation sector receive and update a large part of their knowledge through e-learning courses chosen by organizations. E-learning as a pilot training solution is considered to be one of the better ways to efficiently, smoothly train pilots with the necessary or missing theory, providing all the information needed for self-learning. The purpose of the research presented in the article is to evaluate the criteria for choosing e-learning platforms for pilots and to propose a model of criteria for choosing e-learning platforms. The research analyzes the informativeness of e-training and orientation towards pilot qualification maintenance. It is assessed whether airlines in Lithuania choose targeted training for pilots based on the criteria for selecting platforms. The first part discusses the digitalization of pilot training, presents the different opinions of the authors of the analyzed sources, analyzes the criteria, advantages and disadvantages of choosing e-learning platforms and on the basis of which criteria companies choose e-training platforms for their company,s pilots. The second part presents the research methodology, and the third part presents the analysis of the results of the questionnaire survey of aviation experts, conclusions and recommendations for the choice of e-training platforms for pilots of Lithuanian air carriers.
subject: Actualities of Organisational Development Management
  topic: section
subject: aviation
  topic: keywords
subject: e-learning
  topic: keywords
subject: pilot training solutions
  topic: keywords
subject: Lithuanian air carriers
  topic: keywords
subject: evaluation of pilot e-training platforms
  topic: keywords
subject: pilot e-training platforms
  topic: keywords
subject: criteria for pilot e-training platforms
  topic: keywords
creator: Liudmila Lobanova
creator: Renalda Čiupailaitė
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 9

Assessment of the sustainable development of EU countries in the context of EU green deal
type: item
description: In 2019, the European Commission adopted the European Green Deal (EGD), which set the common goal for the entire EU– to make Europe a climate neutral continent by 2050. This topic is important because the EDG will require actions across many sectors – energy market, transportation etc. and has an impact on the whole world. Although the regulation is the same for all countries, the progress of implementing the goals of the EDG is different. The aim of this paper is to assess the sustainable development of EU countries in order to achieve the goals of the EDG. The latest scientific literature analysis showed, that many authors emphases the main areas of pollution – energy and transport. Although most authors carried out reasearches in the areas that have the greatest impact on Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.There is a lack of recent studies evaluating countries’ sustainable development in the implementation of EDG. To assess EU countries sustainable development the cluster analysis was made and the results revealed that only less than half of the countries’ GHG reduction indicators meet the EDG goals, while the rest of the countries will have to make a paradigm shift in the future in order to achieve European Green Deal goals.
subject: Actualities of Organisational Development Management
  topic: section
subject: sustainable development evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: EU Green Deal
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: renewable energy
  topic: keywords
subject: pollution
  topic: keywords
creator: Indrė Tursienė
creator: Danguolė Oželienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 9

Theoretical aspects of photovoltaic systems as a business object in the global market
type: item
description: Big changes have taken place in renewable energy, due to the price jump of classic resources and technological progress. Thesechanges have influenced the growth of photovoltaic systems as an alternative energy source, the cost of installation of which has fallen by 70% over the past decade. The evaluating economic benefits provided by photovoltaic systems, the purpose of this article is to systematically analyze the most important aspects of the implementation for the business of photovoltaic systems and to determine the most important factors for the development of this business, assessing the potential for technology improvement, the development of state-supported power plants and the specifics of the business. This article will analyze not only theoretical insights, but the effectiveness of state capital schemes, encouraging residents to take risks together with the state and invest in photovoltaic systems, assessing the impact of state support and value added tax.
subject: Actualities of Modern Business
  topic: section
subject: renewable energy
  topic: keywords
subject: technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: business
  topic: keywords
subject: state support
  topic: keywords
subject: photovoltaic systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Ignas Mikulskas
creator: Ieva Meidutė-Kavaliauskienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 8

The influence of psychological factors on the economy
type: item
description: The connection between economics and psychology is indisputable. Every single people’s decisions are being influenced by their feelings, psychological well-being and sometimes by external factors, which are influencing peoples mind at first as well. Everyone has an impact on the economy, and the majority of people’s decisions can be foreseen in advance, only by watching what is going on in the world. The recent months had a huge impact on people’s financial decisions, but we can actually check if the health factor has an impact on economies There will be applied TOPSIS method to check whether health and psychological factor does have an impact on countries economy. Even though our country does not spend much attention to people behaviour analysis and is not prepared to any sharp changes of people’s actions and tendencies. Analysing people and their minds could be useful by forecasting people’s actions and being prepared for any terrible scenarios, which can be easily avoided.
subject: Sustainable Economic Development
  topic: section
subject: factors
  topic: keywords
subject: psychology
  topic: keywords
subject: economy
  topic: keywords
subject: choices
  topic: keywords
subject: importance
  topic: keywords
creator: Dominykas Linkevičius
creator: Laima Okunevičiūtė-Neverauskienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 7

Analysis of obstacles to the development of social innovations in Lithuania
type: item
description: Social innovations are new ideas, products, services, processes that solve social or environmental challenges and improve the welfare of society. This is a trending research topic that is receiving a lot of political attention, European fund programs and similar funding initiatives. In Lithuania, a very small number of social innovations and stagnant progress can be observed, although great political and financial efforts are being made. A lot of information, research and initiatives are published, in which many influential state institutions are involved, for example, the Ministry of Economy and Innovation, the Lithuanian Innovation Center, and European Union funds are also used. Large investments of money and time are allocated, but social innovations in Lithuania do not strive and do not create suitable conditions for the sustainable development of social innovations. On that basis, the purpose of the study is to identify the strong and weak areas of SI in order to identify possible improvement points. This would help create an appropriate development strategy, creating conditions for the growth and implementation of social innovation in Lithuania. To achieve this goal, we will review the concept of social innovation, and to achieve the goal set in the empirical part, we will use the multi-objective assessment method COPRAS, which will help to assess the level of social innovation. The method of statistical analysis will help to divide the countries selected by the European Union into groups of similar objects, called clusters, and to see alternative distribution according to the importance of factors. The obtained results will help to assess the current situation in Lithuania and to identify challenges and problems.
subject: Sustainable Economic Development
  topic: section
subject: innovations
  topic: keywords
subject: social innovations
  topic: keywords
subject: development of social innovations
  topic: keywords
subject: social innovations in Lithuania
  topic: keywords
subject: factors of social innovations
  topic: keywords
subject: evaluation of social innovations
  topic: keywords
creator: Gabrielė Kubiliūtė
creator: Laima Okunevičiūtė-Neverauskienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 13

Green business valuation for construction
type: item
description: The potentially significant negative environmental impact of construction activities makes it important to transform the sector on the basis of green criteria, which are regulated by European Union legal documents. In order to develop a greening model for the construction sector and to reduce the threat to environmental safety, it is important to identify the factors that influence the construction business. The construction industry needs to identify the criteria that will enable it to adapt to a green business course. The main objective of this paper is to identify the green criteria that explain the measures to green the construction sector. The paper uses a scientific analysis of the literature to identify the green criteria for construction. The literature analysis shows that the green criteria and their weights are presented in different ways. The authors therefore summarise the greenness indicators and assess the impact on the greening of construction business, including green building criteria, BREEAM sustainable building assessment, LEED sustainable building assessment and other assessment frameworks. For green businesses, this study is important for practical adaptation to the current legal framework and for the practical greening of the construction business.
subject: Actualities of Modern Business
  topic: section
subject: green construction business
  topic: keywords
subject: green construction
  topic: keywords
subject: green indicators
  topic: keywords
subject: construction sector
  topic: keywords
creator: Nerijus Griežė
creator: Giedrė Lapinskienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 7

A model for evaluating the impact of integrated marketing communications on consumer behaviour
type: item
description: The article analyses how to assess the impact of different integrated marketing communication tools on consumer behaviour. This is important in order to find out which tools are most effective. The aim of the paper is to develop a theoretical model of consumer behaviour based on the impact of integrated marketing communication on consumers. The analysis of the scientific literature has revealed the concept of integrated marketing communication and the main tools that make it up. Each tool is analysed separately, defining its essence, functions, advantages and disadvantages. The article analyses the concept of consumer behaviour based on research and literature analysis, identifies the main factors influencing consumers and their choices, also analyses the process of consumer purchasing. An examination of the various studies already completed analysing the impact of integrated marketing communications on consumer behaviour reveals a lack of research covering not only individual marketing tools, but the whole range of marketing tools. In view of this deficiency, a theoretical model for assessing consumer behaviour has been developed, based on the impact of integrated marketing communications on consumer behaviour. The model will support further research to investigate which factors and which integrated marketing communication tools have an impact on consumer behaviour and to identify which tool is the most important.
subject: Actualities of Organisational Development Management
  topic: section
subject: integrated marketing communications
  topic: keywords
subject: advertising
  topic: keywords
subject: personal selling
  topic: keywords
subject: public relations
  topic: keywords
subject: sales promotion
  topic: keywords
subject: direct marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: consumer behaviour
  topic: keywords
creator: Klaudija Jasiukonytė
creator: Vilma Tamulienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 13

Attraction of customers by integration of Fintech tools in commercial banks
type: item
description: In today’s market conditions, there are many solutions to attract customers, but innovation is an important competitive factor in the banking sector. The credit institution solves complex multifaceted tasks using an information system based on the latest technologies. Today, the trends in the banking sector are to improve the offered products and services, increase their reliability and quality, organize electronic access to bank products, and optimize the speed of payments. High competition in the banking sector and the need to increase operational efficiency force banks to constantly supply the market with new products and expand the methods of service provision, improving their quality. A necessary condition for the successful development of banks is the introduction of innovative banking products, changing the concept of their promotion to the consumer. The purpose of the research is to examine the impact of Fintech tools on customer attraction in commercial banks. Using the COPRAS method, the main banks operating in Lithuania were ranked according to the Fintech solutions applied in their activities. After analyzing the scientific literature, Fintech tools applied in the field of commercial banking were identified. The research result revealed that in 2020 were particularly favorable to banks that applied innovative technologies in their activities. Despite a slight decrease in the number of active customers in all banks during the COVID-19 pandemic, financial institutions have been forced to adapt to the changing needs of customers and optimize their services by integrating Fintech tools. This strategic adaptation has enabled them to effectively deal with challenging circumstances and take advantage of the opportunities offered by the integration of cutting-edge financial technologies.
subject: Financial Management
  topic: section
subject: Fintech
  topic: keywords
subject: commercial banks
  topic: keywords
subject: attracting customers
  topic: keywords
creator: Karina Mamedova
creator: Indrė Lapinskaitė
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 10

Influence of capital structure of e-payment institutions for capital costs and leverages (activity/financial)
type: item
description: Funds assigned for the start of the company activity are referred to as the capital. The structure of the capital of the company depends on the resources of activity financing. Financing resources are possible both from the funds of the founder(-s) of the company and from the borrowed funds. The balance between equity and borrowed capital is very important, because it may affect the continuity of the activity of the company. The borrowed capital is an investment used for the development of the activity. The form of which can be loans or securities. Cost size depends on the structure of the capital. Costs of borrowed capital consist of paid interest for the obligations, different credits and etc. Costs of equity are formed by paid dividends. Measures are applied for the optimal formation of the structure of the capital. One of the main measures are activity and financial leverages. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of the capital structure of electronic payment institutions on capital costs, operating and financial leverage. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to evaluate the individual components of the company’s capital, calculate the total cost of the company’s capital, since it shows the average risk of all available assets, financial leverage – the ratio of borrowed and equity capital and operating leverage – the ratio of operating expenses and variable income. The value of the price of capital is important because it influences the market price of a company. In practice, it is difficult or even impossible to calculate the cost of capital, since sources of financing have different values. During assessment of type and demand of the investments, it is necessary to take into account the contemporary innovations of financial technologies proposed in the market. It is relevant to use financial technologies to form the structure of the capital. Whereas, it is more flexible and effective method to perform the activity of the company by using contemporary …
subject: Financial Management
  topic: section
subject: activity leverage
  topic: keywords
subject: financial leverage
  topic: keywords
subject: capital
  topic: keywords
subject: structure
  topic: keywords
subject: financing resources
  topic: keywords
subject: capital costs
  topic: keywords
subject: financial technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: responsibilities
  topic: keywords
subject: payment institution
  topic: keywords
creator: Renata Vaitkevičiūtė
creator: Kristina Garškaitė-Milvydienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 12

Telecommunications impact in Afghanistan
type: item
description: Afghanistan telecommunications rapidly expanded from almost nonexistence in 2002 to all 34 provinces throughout the country, there was a continuous rise in tele density and active mobile subscription and internet users. T he industry was considered as the largest contributor to the country’s GDP, and the Afghan government and foreign investors invested a huge amount in this sector, but the poverty and the unemployment rates were regularly reported high by the World Bank and other credible agencies. In this paper, the focus will be on the impact of telecommunications in Afghanistan, especially on GDP growth, through a mixed methodology (descriptively and empirically) performing correlation and regression analysis on variables of GDP, mobile subscription, GDP per capita, and internet users from 2006 to 2020 in line with concerns in the literature review. T he results of the study show that mobile subscriptions positively influence GDP and DGP per capita, while the internet user has positive correlation but not significant impact on country GDP. However, the impact of telecommunications is broader and not limited to only economic growth. The study concludes that telecommunications strongly influence GDP and economic development, and in order to direct it toward sustainable economic growth, it requires joint efforts of government and private sector for better results from proper policy formulation and implementation.
subject: Actualities of Modern Business
  topic: section
subject: telecommunications
  topic: keywords
subject: impact
  topic: keywords
subject: GDP
  topic: keywords
subject: telecommunications revenue
  topic: keywords
subject: telecommunications investment
  topic: keywords
subject: contribution
  topic: keywords
subject: economic growth, and policy recommendations
  topic: keywords
creator: Akhtar Mohammad Akhgar
creator: Aurelija Burinskienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 10

Proceedings of the 26th Conference for Junior Researchers “Science – Future of Lithuania” ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT
type: item
subject: Title Page
  topic: section
creator: Viktorija Skvarciany
creator: Dalia Markevičiūtė
creator: Audronė Gurklienė
creator: Biblioteka / Library
creator: Knygų leidybos skyrius / Books Editorial Department
creator: Žurnalų leidybos skyrius / Journals Department
creator: Elektroninės leidybos skyrius / Electronic Publishing Department
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 356
doi: 10.3846/vvf.2023

Analyse of technologies impact on sustainability
type: item
description: Innovative technologies can significantly contribute to climate-neutral, economic, and social forms of sustainability. Sustainability improves the quality of people’s lives, and it is beneficial for companies and nature. Scientists have recognized that there are many solutions for making sustainable management practices that lead to a significant reduction in the use of raw materials. The method of this paper is to overview the majority of technologies advised to use in different sectors which are directed to mitigate climate change and reach zero emissions. The main aim of this paper is explored how most introduced technologies can impact sustainability and how to avoid pollutions releases to ecosystems. The result of this paper is classification of technologies into separate groups, that helps avoid pollution.
subject: Sustainable Economic Development
  topic: section
subject: tvarumas
  topic: keywords
subject: technologijos
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: pollution
  topic: keywords
subject: technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: recycling
  topic: keywords
subject: renewable energy sources
  topic: keywords
subject: waste management
  topic: keywords
subject: tarša
  topic: keywords
subject: rūšiavimas
  topic: keywords
subject: atsinaujinantys energijos šaltiniai
  topic: keywords
subject: atliekų tvarkymas
  topic: keywords
creator: Gintarė Byčenkaitė
creator: Aurelija Burinskienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 10

The benefits of the marketing tools in order to increase product sales in online stores in Lithuania
type: item
description: The growing number of people shopping online forces businesses and organizations to adopt new tools and change their habits. In these times of innovative technologies, to only have a great idea is no longer enough for a successful business, so in order to start successfully selling product on the internet market businesses must to analyze market in detail. Lately marketing has become one of the most important elements of businesses and it is especially important for businesses working in online market. When describing situation in the market it is extremely important to determine and understand its condition, to analyze which environmental factors have the most influence, to do an analysis of market trends, to determine and analyze the portrait of ideal customer, to create a marketing strategy and pricing, according to the most appropriate marketing method. In this article, a multi-criteria evaluation method (TOPSIS) was carried out, with the help of which age groups of consumers in Lithuania bought products in online stores in 2018–2022. The research aimed to determine which main age segments buy the most products in online stores. The received answers have a lot of influence on the development of marketing strategy, because it is known which age segments should be targeted the mos. Also, received results showed that the average age of the customer who buys products online has increased year by year, therefore in order to increase the sales of the products online, marketing strategies suitable for this age group has to be developed.
subject: Actualities of Organisational Development Management
  topic: section
subject: marketingas
  topic: keywords
subject: rinka
  topic: keywords
subject: pardavimai
  topic: keywords
subject: strategija
  topic: keywords
subject: vartotojas
  topic: keywords
subject: amžiaus segmentai
  topic: keywords
subject: internetinė prekyba
  topic: keywords
subject: e. parduotuvė
  topic: keywords
creator: Kamilė Kuvykova
creator: Valentina Peleckienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 6

Application of internet of things technologies in logistics
type: item
description: The Internet of things technology is rapidly advancing and has been adapted to business, as well as to logistics. Wide spectrum of usage possibilities of the Internet of things allows logistics companies not only to lower operating costs and protect their own, as well as their client’s property, but also become more competitive in the market. Progressive customers tend to look for innovative, modern and sustainable companies. The Internet of things contributes to saving energy, providing and sustaining necessary conditions, and also makes it easier to receive information and react timely to it. T he purpose of this research article is to evaluate the use of the Internet of things in logistics companies in their various fields of practice, present the investments in the Internet of things technology in different activity sectors of European countries logistics companies. The most important aspects and terms had been reviewed by analyzing scientific literature. Regression analysis has been made with the use of “Eurostat” statistical data, to check data multicollinearity and criteria interrelationships. Later, a multicriterial evaluation using the TOPSIS method was made, seeking to find out which European country invested into the Internet of things technology the most over the last few years. Cluster analysis showed country groups, that invested differently in the Internet of things technology. The research allowed to discover the Internet of things’ benefits and distribution in logistics companies in Europe, as well as which logistic business areas are implementing innovations. Results show that the Internet of things technology is rapidly advancing and is widely applied in logistics.
subject: Actualities of Modern Business
  topic: section
subject: Internet of things
  topic: keywords
subject: logistics
  topic: keywords
subject: innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: Logistics 4.0
  topic: keywords
subject: Internet of things technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: logistics processes
  topic: keywords
subject: storage
  topic: keywords
creator: Jurgita Panavė
creator: Aurelija Burinskienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 9

The effect of the economic-competitive environment on the improvement of the customer service sector
type: item
description: One of the main goal of the organization is the abundance of loyal users, which is influenced by customer service. Customer service is a very common topic not only in the internet space and scientific literature, but also in the customer service sector, which includes the provision of services. However, most organizations do not focus on improving customer service and are not consistently familiar with their economic-competitive environment, which influences the quality of customer service. Therefore, the scientific literature is analyzed and a descriptive study of the impact of the economic-competitive environment on the improvement of the consumer services sector is carried out. The purpose of the research is to determine in which country the indicators of the economic-competitive environment are more favorable for service sectors in serving consumers. During the theoretical analysis, two components of the topic are analyzed: the first – the economic-competitive environment in consumer service, the second – motives for improving consumer service in the service sector. Since the analysis of the scientific literature revealed that there is no unified solution for improving service among different researchers, the article assumes that the different economic and competitive environments of countries affect consumer service. In order to identify the best country according to indicators relevant to service, where the elements of the economic-competitive environment are more favorable to service sectors in serving consumers, the significance of criteria weights to consumer service was found using the CRITIC method and the ranking of countries was carried out using the EDAS method, which helps to identify the leading country according to all evaluated indicators.
subject: Actualities of Organisational Development Management
  topic: section
subject: economic environment
  topic: keywords
subject: competitive environment
  topic: keywords
subject: customer service
  topic: keywords
subject: service improvement
  topic: keywords
subject: service sector
  topic: keywords
subject: service areas
  topic: keywords
creator: Karina Panasevič
creator: Vilma Tamulienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 11

Actuallities of the causes of poorness in Lithuania
type: item
description: Despite the fact, that economy is growing, minimal wage is raised some people are destined to experience poverty. Even the most developed countries could not avoid this phenomenon. Poverty is the main social problem of all countries measured by a list of basic necessities and other essentials that change over time and cannot be bought by a person living in indigence. One of the most widely used methods of measuring poverty is an income assessment. There are plenty of scientific research where poverty is linked with low income. Referring to that, this article will analyse what is poverty, what causes it, and indigence levels according to localities. To reach this goal: systematic literature analysis, descriptive statistics, and correlational and multinomial correlational regression analysis will be applied.
subject: Actualities of Modern Business
  topic: section
subject: poverty
  topic: keywords
subject: social exclusion
  topic: keywords
subject: poverty indicators
  topic: keywords
subject: absolute poverty
  topic: keywords
subject: reasons of poverty
  topic: keywords
subject: poverty risk level
  topic: keywords
creator: Monika Linkevič
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 8

Construction sector project management success
type: item
description: The construction sector is one of the most important sectors in terms of creating value, places of work and gross domestic product, but it is also surrounded by a wide range of risk factors. Risks are often not assessed or properly managed, and as a result, projects often fail to achieve their objectives and are unsuccessful. Project success is a key issue for most organizations in the construction sector and it is important to find ways to improve project management in this area. In this context, the aim of this paper is to identify and assess the risk factors that contribute to the success of construction projects and their management. To achieve this, the paper presents the concept of project success and, on the basis of a theoretical analysis, identifies the factors that determine project success. Using expert judgement, the factors that have a major impact on the success of projects and their management in the construction sector are identified and analyzed, and their importance and frequency assessed. The lack of human resources was identified as a key factor. Project managers in the construction sector were selected as experts.
subject: Actualities of Modern Business
  topic: section
subject: project management
  topic: keywords
subject: construction sector
  topic: keywords
subject: success
  topic: keywords
subject: successful project
  topic: keywords
subject: successful project management
  topic: keywords
subject: factors affecting the success of projects
  topic: keywords
creator: Lukas Svirplys
creator: Alma Mačiulytė-Šniukienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 8

Assessment of the relationship between macroeconomic indicators and stock profitability in Europe countries
type: item
description: One of the most important components of the financial market is the stock market, which is closely related to the country’s economy. Currently, financial markets are developing rapidly, various financial products and investing in them are becoming more and more accessible, so this topic is relevant and often analyzed in scientific literature. Over the past year, the relationship between stock prices and macroeconomic indicators has become one of the most debated subjects among economic specialists, financial experts and politicians. By carrying out various studies, the aim is to determine what the stock price fluctuations depend on, what factors determine the profitability indices of the shares quoted on the stock exchanges. In this article, special attention is paid to the analysis of previously conducted scientific research, to the identification of factors determining the profitability of stocks. The purpose of the ongoing research is to analyze the impact of macroeconomic indicators on stock prices and to empirically assess their significance and influence on the profitability of stocks in selected countries. The CRITIC method of determining the significance of criteria and the multi-criteria assessment method TOPSIS were used to conduct the research. Weights were assigned to the selected evaluation criteria (macroeconomic indicators), then a ranking of 8 European countries whose shares are listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange was performed.
subject: Sustainable Economic Development
  topic: section
subject: shares
  topic: keywords
subject: profitability
  topic: keywords
subject: macroeconomic indicators
  topic: keywords
subject: financial market
  topic: keywords
subject: price changes
  topic: keywords
subject: CRITIC
  topic: keywords
subject: TOPSIS
  topic: keywords
creator: Evelina Levickytė
creator: Daiva Jurevičienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 7

Business model development in data-driven start-ups
type: item
description: Within the last decade, the business environment has drastically changed due to a series of techno logical innovations, that inspire the current generation of entrepreneurs to empower digitalization in the pursuit of disruptive innovation. Today, technological advancements in the form of IoT, Big Data and AI are essential drivers for a new realm of business models (BM), the so called data driven business model (DDBM). Startup characteristics like pristine business models and flexibility essentially make startup firms a promising basis for investigating DDBMs. This paper proposes an approach to assess startup Business models in terms of data exploitation and contributes to the discussion on the theoretical and practical benefits of DDBM by outlining key factors that enhance the development of BM through data related activities.
subject: Actualities of Organisational Development Management
  topic: section
subject: data-driven
  topic: keywords
subject: business model
  topic: keywords
subject: start-up
  topic: keywords
subject: business model innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: big data
  topic: keywords
subject: BM
  topic: keywords
subject: DDBM
  topic: keywords
creator: Kipras Mikiška
creator: Asta Radzevičienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 9

Evaluation of investment fund activities in the Baltic States: theoretical and methodological aspects
type: item
description: The article presents the aspects of the researched topic, the analysis of the activity of investment funds in the Baltic countries, the results of the methods of the relevant options. The author aims, based on the systematic and comparative analysis of scientific literature, the analysis and synthesis of statistical data, to prepare an appropriate methodology for the study of the activity of investment funds in the Baltic States and to analyze, evaluate and compare the activity of investment funds in the Baltic States according to it. In order to carry out an overview of IF activities, a systematic and comparative analysis of the literature is carried out, and an analysis of statistical data is carried out. Indicators such as the history of the subject’s activity, unit value, market size are interpreted. The selected research period is 2017–2021 (5-year time period). IFs operating on the stock exchanges of the Baltic countries – Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia – are being investigated. 10 stock funds (3 of them from Lithuania, 7 from Latvia), 11 bond funds (1 from Lithuania, 10 from Latvia) and 2 funds of funds (both from Latvia) were selected for empirical research. The article describes the TOPSIS method of multi-criteria evaluation, which evaluates various types of funds (equity funds, bond funds, funds of funds) operating in different Baltic countries (Lithuania and Latvia, Estonia did not meet any of the criteria), will calculate and compare various IF performance indicators – profitability, risk and management effectiveness. A set of relevant methods for checking profitability for the beginning investor has been compiled.
subject: Financial Management
  topic: section
subject: investment funds
  topic: keywords
subject: financial markets
  topic: keywords
subject: financial systems
  topic: keywords
subject: investor
  topic: keywords
subject: stock exchange
  topic: keywords
subject: fund risk
  topic: keywords
subject: profitability
  topic: keywords
subject: indicators
  topic: keywords
creator: Katažyna Sucharevska
creator: Rima Tamošiūnienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 16

Investigation of money laudering detection by using computational intelligence
type: item
description: The large amount of data related to compliance with money laundering requirements and the increasing sophistication of criminal methods are forcing financial companies to look for new tools to help them meet their regulatory obligations. To achieve this goal, technologies whose operation is based on artificial intelligence become inseparable from the prevention of money laundering. This article makes the case for the true cost of money laundering to the global economy. To achieve this, different technologies used in identifying financial fraud were compared. Special attention in this article is given to a subset of artificial intelligence – digital intelligence methods. According to the latest scientific research, these methods are based on soft computing, which allow to adapt to many situations, predict future events, create appropriate rules, and make targeted decisions. Also, the importance of artificial intelligence in the prevention of money laundering is emphasized by the US study analyzed in the article, in which top-level managers responsible for the field of money laundering prevention were interviewed. The respondents expressed a unanimous opinion that the further application of artificial intelligence in the field of money laundering prevention is a priority.
subject: Financial Management
  topic: section
subject: money laudering
  topic: keywords
subject: computional intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
creator: Akvilė Ereminė
creator: Nijolė Maknickienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 9

The assessment of the attractiveness of countries for foreign direct investments
type: item
description: The attractiveness of foreign direct investment (FDI) is greatly influenced by globalization and economic factors such as gross domestic product (GDP), average wages, market size, tax and legal system, innovation and many others. FDI is an important source of capital that complements domestic investment, which promotes the development of a country’s economy. In the world, the competition for attracting FDI to countries is increasing. The problem raised in the article is to reveal the main factors determining the attraction of FDI flows and their weights, which influence economic growth in the country, in accordance with scientific paradigms. The purpose of the article is to find a connection with real FDI flows based on the theoretical aspects of globalization and the economy and quantitative research on the influence of factors, after selecting the 5 factors that have the greatest influence on attracting FDI and determining their weights. Tasks: to identify the main theoretical aspects that allow predicting the factors that determine the attractiveness of countries for direct foreign investments, after choosing the 5 most important factors that influence FDI attraction, to perform an expert assessment and determine their weights, to check or select 5 factors by ranking and their weights have a direct relationship with in real 2020 By the distribution of FDI flows, to group countries according to their similarities and differences. Methods used to achieve the tasks: analysis of scientific literature and articles, methods of juxtaposing and comparing statements, review of statistical data, questionnaire survey of experts, AHP expert assessment, TOPSIS, EDAS, COPRAS methods, Cluster analysis. The obtained results showed that China should be in the first place in terms of FDI flows if the weights and criteria are chosen correctly. This state was separated into a separate cluster because its data differ significantly from the others. Scientific benefit: Finding the rela…
subject: Sustainable Economic Development
  topic: section
subject: globalization
  topic: keywords
subject: direct foreign investments
  topic: keywords
subject: factors determining the attraction of foreign investments
  topic: keywords
subject: investments flows
  topic: keywords
subject: international organizations
  topic: keywords
subject: globalization processes
  topic: keywords
subject: economic factors
  topic: keywords
creator: Aurelija Zyngel
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 13

Trends in the use of augmented reality technology in the electronics industry
type: item
description: Due to the increasing demand for smart devices and the ever-shortening product life cycle, the electronics industry is a constantly fast-growing industry sector, which is why the aim is to increase production volumes and reduce production costs as much as possible. A large part of the output of this industrial sector is produced by human hands, and this nature of work is the main reason for the occurrence of defects. Augmented reality technology is identified as a key technology that allows avoiding human factor errors in the production process, as the augmented reality system allows workers to access digital information through an information layer located in the physical world. The main goal of this article is to determine the relevance of research on the use of augmented reality in the electronics industry. In this study, a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications related to augmented reality in electronics is performed, and the obtained results are displayed using the ‘VOSviewer’ program. After conducting the research, it was found that the number of publications on this topic is increasing, so the relevance of the topic is increasing. A. Mantri, G. S. C. Bermudez, D. Makarov carry out most of the research on this topic in such countries as Spain, the United States of America and India.
subject: Actualities of Modern Business
  topic: section
subject: „VOSviewer“
  topic: keywords
subject: electronics industry
  topic: keywords
subject: augmented reality
  topic: keywords
subject: bibliometric analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Karolina Brazauskaitė
creator: Vida Davidavičienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 10

Main gamification elements analysis in e-commerce
type: item
description: E-commerce sales around the world are growing exponentially every year and are becoming an increasingly hot topic. Companies often use gamification to engage the modern customer and increase profit. However, the most appropriate practical application of an effective gamification method is not yet completely clear, so it is difficult to identify most significant elements. This article analyzes the principle of gamification, its concept and the main factors that make up the gamification system. Also, based on the results of the literature analysis performed by foreign authors, the most important elements of gamification are distinguished. The article describes the applied qualitative research method and the conducted survey of Lithuanian experts, which uses the research findings of foreign authors. The article aims to determine which elements the researchers identified as the most important and which should be integrated in the future in ecommerce, developing the gamification system and achieving the best possible results. The obtained findings showed that PBL elements and feedback are considered as essential factors in e-commerce that help to attract the user and induce purchase.
subject: Actualities of Modern Business
  topic: section
subject: el. prekyba
  topic: keywords
subject: apklausa
  topic: keywords
subject: PBL
  topic: keywords
subject: gamification
  topic: keywords
subject: gamification elements
  topic: keywords
subject: e-commerce
  topic: keywords
subject: user engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: survey
  topic: keywords
creator: Domas Lalas
creator: Juozas Merkevičius
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 9